Paroxysmal hemicrania is a rare form of headache that usually begins in adulthood.

The disorder is more common in women than in men.

Certain movements of the head or neck or external pressure to the neck may trigger these headaches in some patients.

The disorder has two forms: chronic, in which patients experience attacks on a daily basis for a year or more, and episodic, in which the headaches may remit for months or years.

Patients experience:

• Severe throbbing, claw-like, or boring pain usually on one side of the face; in, around, or behind the eye; and occasionally reaching to the back of the neck
• Red and tearing eyes
• A drooping or swollen eyelid on the affected side of the face
• Nasal congestion

Patients may also feel dull pain, soreness, or tenderness between attacks. Attacks of paroxysmal hemicrania typically occur from 5 to 40 times per day and last 2 to 45 minutes.

Paroxysmal hemicrania may last indefinitely but has been known to go into remission or stop spontaneously.

Many patients experience complete to near-complete relief of symptoms following physician-supervised medical treatment. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin often provides complete relief from symptoms. Other less effective NSAIDs, calcium-channel blocking drugs (such as verapamil), and corticosteroids may be used to treat the disorder. Patients with both paroxysmal hemicrania and trigeminal neuralgia (a condition of the 5th cranial nerve that causes sudden, severe pain typically felt on one side of the jaw or cheek) should receive treatment for each disorder.